Catalogue information

LastDodo number
382965
Area
Books
Title
Inktvissen
subtitle
Schrander en schroomvallig
Literary number
5
Addition to number
Series / hero
Translator
Illustrator
Year
1976
Print Run
First edition
Type of book
Number of pages
299
Number produced
Dimensions
18.0 x 26.5 cm
ISBN10
90-229-5129-4
ISBN13
Barcode / EAN / UPC
Language / dialect
Country of publication
Details

Glossy paper, (many) color photos Jacques-Yves Cousteau (Saint-André-de-Cubzac, June 11, 1910 - Paris, June 25, 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer and researcher who studied the sea and all its life forms. In France he was known as le commandant Cousteau ("Commander Cousteau"), outside France as Jacques Cousteau or Captain Cousteau. He has been honored with French honors such as Commandeur de l'ordre national de la Légion d'honneur and and the Grand-Croix of the l'ordre national du Mérite. Biography: Years before 1940: He was admitted to the École Navale (maritime academy) in Brest and became an officer in the French navy, which gave him the opportunity to conduct underwater experiments. In 1936 he tested underwater goggles, possibly the ancestor of modern diving masks. Cousteau married Simone Melchior in 1937. They had two sons, Jean-Michel Cousteau (1938) and Philippe Cousteau (1940 - 1979), who were later also involved in the Calypso expeditions. WWII: In the Second World War he was critical of the occupiers. In his book Le Monde du Silence he tells that in 1942 the German occupiers in the naval base of Toulon left him and his employees undisturbed in his work. Apparently they were impressed by his ordre de mission: the assignment of the International Committee for the Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, during this period he developed diving equipment in secret together with Emile Gagnan (ready in 1943). This "aqua-lung" consisted of a regulator that delivered high pressure air from a diving cylinder at the correct (i.e. ambient) pressure, depending on the diver's requirement, via a pressure reducing valve and demand valve. Before that, experiments had only been done with systems where a constant amount of air was delivered, or closed systems where the exhaled oxygen was re-inhaled (see rebreather). This aqua-lung was used in secret in Six-Fours Bay. les-Plages, a French seaside resort on the Mediterranean. Near this place hangs a copper plaque that was hung there after the war. In the years after the war, he developed techniques for clearing sea mines in French ports and explored shipwrecks. He also formed a special research group (Groupe de Recherches Sous-Marines) in Toulon with Frédéric Dumas and a few other naval officers. Expedition ships: His first expedition ship after the Second World War was the l'Elie Monnier, with which he traveled the Mediterranean with his friends Philippe Tailliez and Frédéric Dumas from 1948. These early expedition stories are recorded in the book Le Monde du Silence. This ship was also the basis of the first activities of the Groupe de Recherches Sous-Marines. In 1950 he bought his famous ship, the Calypso, with which he made many films and books about the underwater world. One of his films won the main prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1956. These works contributed greatly to the popularity of underwater biology. Projects: Another important initiative of Cousteau was the construction of underwater enclosures or 'habitats', the so-called Conshelf (Continental Shelf) projects. Conshelf one was stationed in 1962 in the Mediterranean near Marseilles, Conshelf two in 1963, in the Red Sea off the coast of Sudan, and Conshelf three in 1965 in the Mediterranean near the île du Levant. Conshelf two has also been made into a film in the award-winning documentary Le Monde sans Soleil. Later Cousteau was also involved in the construction of an experimental wind turbine powered sailing vessel, the Alcyone. Cousteau developed in 1963 together with Jean de Wouters an underwater camera called "Calypso-Phot", later licensed to Nikon and thus became the "Nikonos". Together with Jean Mollard, he developed the "SP-350", a two-person submarine that reached a depth of 350 meters below the water surface. In 1965 the experiment was repeated and two vehicles reached a depth of 500 meters. Later career and initiatives: Cousteau was appointed director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, was the leader of the working group for saturation diving (long stay on the seabed, the first manned underwater colonies) and is one of the few foreigners admitted to the American Academy of Sciences. Cousteau developed into an active environmental activist during this time. He is known, among other things, for his support for a massive protest in 1960 in France against the dumping of radioactive waste in the sea. A large group of adults and children then managed to stop the train with waste and let it return. In 1974 he founded the Cousteau Society for the Protection of Ocean Life and was awarded the United Nations International Environmental Award in 1977 with Peter Scott and a few years later the American Liberty Medal from Jimmy Carter, then President of the United States. States of America. Years after 1990: December 1, 1990: his first wife Simone dies of cancer. June 1991: Cousteau marries Francine Triplet. They already had a daughter Diane Cousteau (1980) and a son Pierre-Yves Cousteau (1982) from the period before their marriage. 1992: Invitation to the UN Environmental Conference in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Cousteau becomes an advisor to the UN and the World Bank. June 25, 1997: Cousteau dies. Topical: The many films that Cousteau made about his expeditions to all corners of the world are still regularly broadcast on television and keep the memory of him and the Calypso alive.

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