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  • September 12, 2014 23:07
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September 12, 2014 23:07

Have a 78rpm LP of disque "la voix de son maitre"

it must be a very old one, because the telephone number of the seller = Magne Cherbourg Tél 5-13

Can someone tell me how to tell if it is bakelite or shellac and what year it is?

See 4935141

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  • September 13, 2014 09:48
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September 13, 2014 09:48

I think 1927 . From that year there are already 2 others in it.

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September 13, 2014 10:04

Record is made of shellac / shellac (see background page at 78 rpm record). It is a persistent misunderstanding that such plates are made of Bakelite.

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  • September 13, 2014 11:19
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September 13, 2014 11:19

Vertigo, according to most sites, Bakelite would have been used instead of shellac around the 1950s. Have also seen that Bakelite plates are regularly used in Catawiki auctions!!!!

Kdamme, with the other two they did put the wrong number on the release (all three have the same release number). They listed the catalog number. It is certain that it concerns a different series. This plate W-979 other D-1428.

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  • September 13, 2014 13:10
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September 13, 2014 13:10

@lordernie:

I don't know which sites you are talking about. You are probably talking about vinyl records sites, but for example a Bakelite specialized site like http://bakeliet.net/ is not talking about creating of the gramophone records.

In the Wikipedia "bakelite" it says that 78 rpm records were made of it. The "shellac" states that this material was used for grammar records until 1959. I think only the latter is correct.

It is an iron law that people (including collectors and auctioneers) like to talk to each other, especially when it comes to a subject that few people really know about ( the chemical composition of a product). In addition, there is a tunnel vision. When we see an early plastic, which is black, red or brown, most people think, based on previous experience, that it is Bakelite.

However, there are important indications that the 78rpm records cannot be made of Bakelite:

- Bakelite is probably too hard. A material for a gramophone record must be able to wear very lightly, otherwise the needle will bounce;

- Bakelite is fragile, but not extremely fragile like 78rpm records;

- "Bakelite" and "Bakelite" are protected trade names. Then you would expect that one of these terms can be found on the label of a gramophone record. I have not yet seen a record with this term mentioned. The use of the material shellac has been known for centuries. The name shellac is not protected. That does not need to be mentioned.

I have not been able to find a reliable source on the internet that endorses the use of Bakelite.

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  • September 13, 2014 19:47
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September 13, 2014 19:47

And thus proof that Wikipedia or other media on the internet should not always be taken for granted!

My idea was also that plates were made of bakkelite or bakelite, because the very thick plates ( I think they at least very thick) feel like bakelite. But as you already mentioned, Vertigo, a plate is also very fragile and Bakelite also shines less than shellac I think. Bakkelite is indeed derived from a brand product, such as for example Maggi or the Grammophone record. The text Grammophone record is also on many old records, so that is correct. But I could also be wrong, but I think it descended from a company called Grammophone who also invented it or bought the patent.

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  • September 14, 2014 00:32
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September 14, 2014 00:32

Had a look at bakeliet.net, where most products are listed that were made in bakelite, and as you said vertigo, there are no plates there either, so I think you're 100% right

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September 14, 2014 20:53

@lordernie: Thank you for your trust!

I was not quite sure myself, because my evidence is based on certain assumptions anyway. So I looked a little further.

To cut a long story short, it appears that a variant of Bakelite was used for the surface of Edison Diamond Disc Records. However, an Edison Diamond Disc Record was not a "normal" 78 rpm record, you needed special playback equipment to play it (with a diamond needle). Probably that was the reason that this Bakelite record has not become market-leading (despite the fact that the quality of the sound was better and the playing time of the record longer). make sure to arrange shellac (+ fillers and coloring).

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  • June 14, 2024 17:58
June 14, 2024 17:58
Gentlemen! Thanks for the above interesting discussion. I have been active on Discogs.com for some time and I was surprised that almost everything with 78rpm is supplemented with the term shellac. So we delved a little deeper into the matter. If interested. Then I'd like to hear it.
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June 14, 2024 21:16
Chapeau-Bert
I have already mentioned some things here (see the background page). If you have more information, please share it here on the forum. Thank you in advance!
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  • June 15, 2024 13:40
June 15, 2024 13:40
In brief the history of the gramophone record...:
Belgian Leo Baekeland saw an opportunity in the emerging gramophone record industry. He wanted to find a product to replace the very fragile, expensive shellac. The gramophone record was initially made of shellac. A substance secreted by a certain type of lice. Baekeland discovered that a reaction of phenol and formaldehyde produced a hard substance and called it Bakelite. Nowadays known as one of the many polymers or plastics. Injection-molded thermoplastics have now taken the place of Bakelite under the well-known name vinyl.
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  • June 15, 2024 13:45
June 15, 2024 13:45
If more questions. I'd love to hear from you and will answer them as soon as possible. I would also like to answer questions about the dates of an edition of a music carrier, of course within my knowledge and ability.
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  • June 15, 2024 17:51
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June 15, 2024 17:51
Chapeau-Bert
The invention of Bakelite is interesting, but I don't understand what you mean by this. Perhaps Baekeland intended his Bakelite as a replacement for the shellac of gramophone records, but as far as I know, Bakelite has not been used as such.

For a meaningful discussion, it is best to cite your sources. And it would also be interesting to give an example of a Bakelite gramophone record.

[edit}
I now understand that Baekeland indeed intended his Bakelite as a replacement for shellac, but shellac has many applications. For example, it is also used to make pink cakes,



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June 15, 2024 20:08
vertigo Chapeau-Bert lordernie DisneyMeentwijck kdamme
But you can also read on bakeliet.net that until the 1950s, 78 rpm records were made from bakelite coated with 'shellac'...
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  • June 15, 2024 20:09
June 15, 2024 20:09
Thank you for your appreciated response.
The data and information shown on the internet appear to be contradictory. Hence they are not mentioned or referenced in my short post. But I will take your request to heart and find and list all links to web pages consulted.
It might be nice to tell you how I got involved in your discussion. As I reported earlier, I was surprised that the term shellac or shellac for 78 rpm records appeared everywhere. However, the term Bakelite is most commonly used on Marktplaats. That made me curious, partly because I want to clean my 78 rpm records correctly. To clean something professionally, the composition is essential. During my search I more or less accidentally came across the forum you manage.


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June 15, 2024 22:08
But you can also read on bakeliet.net that 78 rpm records were made from bakelite coated with 'shellac' until the 1950s...

buizer Chapeau-Bert
There is a lot of nonsense to read on the internet. Most Bakelite sites rightly do not mention Bakelite gramophone records.

I have written a background page on this subject for 78-rpm record. The bottom line is that the plates were made of two-thirds pressed clay or loam and one-third shellac. That is why these records could be recycled so easily during the Second World War: see the YouTube video "Pressing new gramophone records from old ones" (1943).

Here's part of my article:

More information:




  • Until 1904, only one side of the gramophone record was used (for an example see LastDodo no. 4287851). These single-sided gramophone records were still produced at least until 1925 (including by Victor).
  • Most 78 rpm records are made of shellac, ie a mixture of one third shellac and two thirds mineral fillers (including clay). Shellac is a waxy material extracted from the secretion of a lac scale insect. This louse lives on trees in India and surrounding countries;
  • Sometimes 78 rpm records were made from other materials, such as vinyl or the plastic Durium. Due to the technology of the gramophones that were common at the time, shellac turned out to be the most suitable material. The shellac gramophone records were/are often incorrectly called Bakelite records;
  • Shortly after (and also during) the Second World War, there was a major shortage of shellac in Europe. To obtain one new Decca record in the Netherlands, one had to hand in two gramophone records and pay the normal price. The submitted records were cut into pieces and then pulverized. The remaining powder was used as raw material for a new plate. Columbia's records were not taken because they contained paper. The submission lasted until 1948 (source: Leo Boudewijns "Een phonographic memory", Uitgeverij De Prom, 1976, p. 50/51). Interested parties can watch the video "Pressing new gramophone records from old ones" (1943) on YouTube to see how the recovery process worked.
  • Condensite, a variant of Bakelite/Bakelite, was used for the surface of the Edison Diamond Disc Records. These records could only be played on special playback equipment with 80 revolutions per minute, equipped with a diamond needle. The "normal" 78 rpm records could not be played on this equipment (see text under: Edison Diamond Disc).
  • The old gramophones were powered by a wind-up spring. Electric models came later.
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June 15, 2024 23:28
vertigo
Thanks for the info.
But the name/term 'shellac plates' is also misleading .
Because there is a mixture.; 2/3 fillers and 1/3 shellac.
And Bakelite is a synthetic plastic.
Probably known to the 'older' LD members.
Light switches, sockets, telephones (the black one with dial), toilet seats...



.
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  • June 17, 2024 21:32
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June 17, 2024 21:32
buizer
I don't think the name is misleading. The records contain shellac and that shellac is the most important component.

Ten years ago now I did research into the 78 rpm record. First on the internet, but there both bakelite and shellac were mentioned as raw materials for this record (by the way, bakelet.net was not talking about gramophone records at the time). I got the impression that it was always the experts who talked about shellac, but I only became really convinced when I read it in a book by Leo Boudewijns.

I couldn't find much about mineral fillers at the time. People often talked about 'mud'. That's why I assumed they used clay.

I wrote the background page based on my findings.

Following our new discussion, I once again attempted to solve the mystery of mineral fillers and was partially successful. The following were used as fillers:
- copal (= semi-fossilized resin of a pine tree).
- heavy spar (=barium sulphate).

What I also didn't know is that the records were pressed at a temperature of 350 degrees.

These new findings lead to a revision of the background page.

Chapeau-Bert
The 78rpm records can be cleaned with water, possibly with soapy water, but of course the labels should not get wet. So I would try it with a soft, damp cloth first.
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  • June 18, 2024 08:50
June 18, 2024 08:50
Thanks for this interesting information. I actually clean it with a soft, slightly damp cloth. Then I washed them one by one in the well-known Knosti machine with deminimised water, to which a few drops of washing-up liquid were added. The rinse water becomes light brown after 8 plates. That is (presumably some of the dissolved shellac loosened by playing and transport), which was applied as a coating to the record, and some dirt.
I haven't finished drawing up a list of web pages, etc. yet. More and more information is also emerging, which must be compared with what I already have, for reliability. As a start I used the first pages from the translation of the book 'Vinyl' by Mike Evans. This provides a chronological summary of facts with images. Now I'm still searching forums (threads) on Discogs that deal with this subject. These often contain links that refer to interesting sources of information.
Delpher also won't leave me alone. There I sometimes come across summary articles about inventions and inventors, such as Edison.
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  • June 18, 2024 21:11
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June 18, 2024 21:11
Chapeau-Bert
Great, keep us informed and good luck with your research!
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