Castulo, Spain AE22 Semis (bull & head) ca. 85 BCE 

• -85 
• Celtic coins 

  + 1

  Roman Empire
• Semis 
• Roman Republic (509-27 BC) 

6628563

Coins

Castulo, Spain AE22 Semis (bull & head) ca. 85 BCE

Celtic coins, Roman Empire

-85

8.6

22

CN (& crescent above), FVL CN F (right), CASTVLO (in Iberian below)

CN-VOC S T F (left & right)

Burgos (2008) 728; Villaronga 333/17

Obv; Bull standing right, CN and crescent above, FVL CN F to right, city name CASTVLO in Iberian below. Rev; CN-VOC S T F to left and right of youthful male head left. By tradition, a local princess (Himilce) married Hannibal and gained the alliance of the city with the Carthaginian Empire. In 213 BC, Castulo was the site of Hasdrubal Barca's crushing victory over the Roman army with a force of roughly 40,000 Carthaginian troops plus local Iberian mercenaries. Thereafter the Romans made a pact with the residents of city, who then betrayed the Carthaginians and the city became a "Foederati" (ally) of Rome. Foederati were any one of several outlying nations to which ancient Rome provided benefits in exchange for military assistance. The term was also used, especially under the Roman Empire for groups of "barbarian" mercenaries of various sizes, who were typically allowed to settle within the Roman Empire.